| ORIGINAL
ARTICLE |
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Descemetocele
is a preperforative condition of the cornea that develops from complete
destruction of the epithelium and stroma with protrusion of Descemet's
membrane under intraocular pressure. In brachycephalic dog breeds
(bulldogs, pugs, and Pekingese), this condition occurs in 45–70% of
cases of deep corneal ulcers due to anatomical features (exophthalmos,
lagophthalmos, and tear film abnormalities) and concomitant
brachycephalic obstructive syndrome (BOAS).
The study (n=25) compared conservative therapy (n=5), amniotic membrane
keratoplasty (n=10), and lyophilized porcine corneal transplantation
(n=10). Conservative treatment demonstrated low efficacy (40%
regeneration), a high perforation rate (20%), and delayed healing in
older animals (Rē=0.94). Amniotic membrane ensured 100% tissue
integration with minimal vascularization, while porcine cornea caused
severe fibrosis (80%) and decreased transparency.
These results highlight the need for an individualized approach based
on age, degree of destruction, and underlying pathology. Amniotic
membrane grafts are preferred for preserving optical function, while
porcine cornea is used in emergency cases of perforation. This study
supports the need for standardized treatment protocols for
brachycephalic dogs.
