TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background
Salinity stress causes ion toxicity and osmotic imbalances, leading to oxidative stress in plants. Antioxidants are considered ameliorators of saline stress and could develop salinity tolerance in crop plants. To ascertain the role of antioxidants in inducing osmotic adjustment in salt stressed wheat flag leaf in terms of compatible solutes accumulation, water relations parameters and osmotic adjustment  as well as flag leaf area and grain yield per plant, in addition, flag leaf anatomy were examined.
Results
Salt stress up to 11.5 dSm-1 causes a significant reduction in water potential, osmotic potential, as well  as relative water content, and water content. On the other hand, turgor potential and osmotic adjustment were significantly increased due to inducing increasing the higher accumulation of compatible osmolytes which leads to decreasing flag leaf area and grain yield per plant.
Application of both antioxidants, in particular, ascorbic acid increased significantly flag leaf area, and grain yield per plant due to osmotic adjustment and maintaining leaf turgor potential as a consequence of increasing leaf water potential, water content and relative water content as compared to control  plants. On the other hand, application of both antioxidants under all salinity levels, nullify the harmful effects of salinity on flag leaf area and grain yield per plant due to increasing osmolyte accumulation,  maintaining turgor potential and osmotic adjustment.
Anatomically, increasing salinity levels decreased thickness of leaf blade at midrib region, thickness of mesophyll tissue, tangential dimension of midrib vascular bundle, thickness of upper and lowerepidermis, thickness of big motor cell, and tangential dimension of big xylem vessel. Treatment with either ascorbic acid or tocopherol at 100 mg/L and their interactions with salinity increased all the above mentioned parameters in both nonsalinized and salinized plants. Ascorbic acid is the most  effective in this concern.
Conclusion
In conclusion, wheat plants responded to an increased ion influx in their cells by increasing the osmolytes synthesis and accumulation under salt stress, which further increased with antioxidants treatment and helped in maintaining the osmotic balance.
AU  - Farouk, S.
ET  - 2011
KW  - Ascorbic
tocopherol
soil salinity
yield
wheat
M1  - 2
M3  - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
PY  - 2011
SN  - 1997-0838
SP  - 117-138
ST  - Osmotic adjustment in wheat flag leaf in relation to flag leaf area and grain yield per plant
T2  - Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry
TI  - Osmotic adjustment in wheat flag leaf in relation to flag leaf area and grain yield per plant
UR  - http://www.jspb.ru/issues/2011/N2/JSPB_2011_2_117-138.pdf
VL  - 7
ID  - 242
ER  -